Integrated Farming Systems

	Pest Monitoring Techniques	Techniques to Reduce & Replace Pesticides	Biocontrol & Cultural Techniques
Walnuts & Pome Fruit	Pheromone-based pest (codling moth) traps; agroecological monitoring protocols; assess beneficial insects	Pheromone mating disruption; foster biocontrol by eliminating OPs from orchard; precise timing of pesticide applications; reduced rates of application	Orchard sanitation; beneficial insect releases; bird/bat boxes;
Grapes (wine, table & raisin)	Agroecological monitoring protocols; assess beneficial insects; insect ID sheets; computer monitoring data software	Decision rules and treatment thresholds; softer pesticides; precise timing of pesticide applications; reduced rates of application	Leaf pulling; beneficial insect releases; cover crops to moderate vigor
Almonds & Stone Fruit	Agroecological monitoring protocols; pheromone-based traps; assess beneficial insects; insect ID sheets; computer monitoring data software;	Develop specific economic thresholds; pesticide use decision rules; softer pesticides (Bt, pheromones, ant baits); precise timing of pesticide applications; reduced rates of application	Early harvest; orchard sanitation; beneficial insect releases; cover crops
Citrus	Agroecological monitoring protocols; assess beneficial insects	Ecologically selective pesticides	Beneficial insect releases; irrigation management
Annual Crops	Agroecological monitoring protocols; assess beneficial insects	Avoiding early season pesticide application; softer pesticides	Insectary crops; releasing beneficials; optimizing plant nutrition; resistant varietals; trap crops